Tumor caused by Sphaeropsis tumefaciens on avocado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33885/sf.1994.3.819Keywords:
Avocado, Persea americana, tumors, Sphaeropsis tumefaciensAbstract
Tumoroos fonnatioo oo branches of old or young trees and stems of Pu$ea amuicana Mill. and oo
grafted nunety plants has been obse!Ved in the s"'tes of Mexico and Veracruz for mf"y yeoJrs. The
tumors vary in shapes and sizes and may reach up to 8 an in dian~eter. Affected twigs die. Freshly
grafted plants wtder deseased avocado shade trees developed tumors up to 50%. In the wtauended criollo
orchards the infeaions reached 80%, but in attended orchards with Fuene and Hass varieties infectioos
were low or absent. Collected tumours presented black, I 0-15 J1IIl pycnidia on its cracked and varied
surface. From these pycnidia, hyaline, ellipsoid microconidia of 4 x t.S J1m size were isolated and grown
on potato-dextrose-agar medium. After six to seven months, symptoms of !he disease were reproduced
in the greenhouse and Koch's postulates were completed, and the fungus was identified as Sphaeropsis
tumefaciuu Hedges, probably a sl"'cial form on avocado. This fungus was described on lime, producing
C<Jnidia of larger size, but also microconidia o( the same size fowtd on avocado. As far as known, this
is the first report of its kind on avocado in Mexico and in the world. It is suggested that young nursery
t~ees should not be placed under old affeaed trees with tumors and that adequate spraying with copper
compowtds and sanitation measures be obse!Ved in orchards and nurseries
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