Incidence of leaf pathogenic fungi in Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) cultivation under greenhouse conditions in central Veracruz
Abstract
Background: Few studies have been conducted on phytopathogenic fungi in orchids cultivated in Mexico, which are economically important plants that are vulnerable to pathogens.
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify leaf-pathogenic fungi and to evaluate the incidence and species richness in the orchid Cymbidium.
Methods: This study was conducted at an orchid production center in the municipality of Teocelo, Veracruz. A complete survey was conducted in the greenhouse, counting all plants showing evidence of fungal leaf lesions. Every 50 plants, one leaf showing evidence of leaf lesion was collected. The lesions were isolated on potato dextrose agar, and when the isolates produced structures in Petri dishes, these were mounting on polyvinyl alcohol and deposited in the fungal collection of the XAL herbarium at INECOL.
Results and conclusions: Of a total of 6,377 plants, 2,389 had signs of disease. The isolates were characterized and identified. The lesions were isolated on potato dextrose agar. The strains were characterized and identified. Five species were found: Colletotrichum cymbidiicola, Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium culmorum, F. chlamydosporum and F. oxysporum. Colletotrichum cymbidiicola is a new record for Mexico. Low incidence (37.04 %) and low diversity (Margalef index of 1.03) indicate presence of few pathogens.
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