Analysis of interactions among pathogens responsible for avocado root

Authors

  • Edna Esquivel Miguel Asociación de Productores y empacadores Exportadores de Aguacate de México APEAM AC https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4495-0959
  • Hamilton Gomes de Oliveira Asociación de Productores y Empacadores Exportadores de Aguacate de México APEAM A.C. Libramiento Ote. 5847, Interior 414, Sin nombre, Quirindavara, C.P. 60190, Uruapan, Michoacán, México.
  • Giovanna Ordaz Miranda Asociación de Productores y Empacadores Exportadores de Aguacate de México APEAM A.C. Libramiento Ote. 5847, Interior 414, Sin nombre, Quirindavara, C.P. 60190, Uruapan, Michoacán, México.

Abstract

Background: Interactions among phytopathogenic fungi influence infection processes and disease severity, representing key factors for designing management strategies in avocado production systems.

Objective: To evaluate in vitro and nursery interactions among the main pathogens associated with avocado root rot.

Methods: Dual culture assays (1:1) were conducted in vitro to determine mycelial growth inhibition percentage, interaction type and index, and melanin production. In nursery conditions, pathogens were inoculated individually and in combination. Chlorophyll loss, stem diameter, plant height, and root density were recorded.

Results and conclusions: Dual confrontations showed that Phytophthora spp. did not inhibit the other pathogens, whereas Fusarium spp. partially reduced Ilyonectria sp. growth (16-19 %). Ilyonectria sp. exhibited antagonism against Phytophthora spp. (50 %). Synergistic type A interactions were detected between Phytophthora spp. and Fusarium spp., while competitive type B and CB1 interactions occurred between Ilyonectria sp. and the remaining pathogens. In nursery plants, all treatments caused root rot, with P. cinnamomic being the most aggressive. These findings indicate that such interactions modulate disease severity and that reduced soil microbial diversity may favor disease development.

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Published

2026-02-27

How to Cite

Esquivel Miguel, E., Gomes de Oliveira, H., & Ordaz Miranda, G. (2026). Analysis of interactions among pathogens responsible for avocado root. Scientia Fungorum, 57. Retrieved from https://scientiafungorum.org.mx/index.php/micologia/article/view/1497

Issue

Vol. 57 (2026)

Section

Original papers

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